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高效率图像文件格式（英语：High Efficiency Image File Format, HEIF；也称高效图像文件格式）是一个用于单张图像或图像序列的文件格式。它由运动图像专家组（MPEG）开发，并在MPEG-H Part 12（ISO/IEC 23008-12）中定义。
HEIF规范也定义了高效率视频编码（HEVC）编码的内嵌图像和HEVC编码的图像序列的存储方式，其中以受约束的方式应用帧间预测。
HEIF文件与ISO基本媒体文件格式（ISOBMFF，ISO/IEC 14496-12）兼容，并且还可以包括其他媒体流，例如定时的文本和音频。
环境配置：
相关资源：https://github.com/strukturag/libheif
Windows（最简单、快捷方式，自行编译容易出错）
You can build and install libheif using the vcpkg dependency manager:
git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
cd vcpkg
./bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
./vcpkg integrate install
./vcpkg install libheif
Linux/macOS(或参考上述相关资源链接)
1. Install dependencies with Homebrew
brew install cmake make pkg-config x265 libde265 libjpeg libtool
2. Configure and build project (–preset argument needs CMake >= 3.21):
mkdir buildcd buildcmake --preset=release .../configuremake
功能：cv::Mat 转 HEIF文件， HEIF文件转cv::Mat
```cpp
#include <libheif/heif.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>bool RGBMatToHeif(cv::Mat& mat, const char* filename)
{if (mat.empty() || mat.type() != CV_8UC3){std::cerr << "Invalid Mat format. Expected 8UC3." << std::endl;return false;}struct heif_image* image;struct heif_context* ctx = heif_context_alloc();struct heif_error err;int width = mat.cols;int height = mat.rows;// 创建HEIF图像err = heif_image_create(width, height, heif_colorspace_RGB, heif_chroma_interleaved_RGB, &image);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok){std::cerr << "Error adding plane to HEIF image：" << err.message << std::endl;heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}// 添加一个用于交错 RGB 通道的图像平面err = heif_image_add_plane(image, heif_channel_interleaved, width, height, 8);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error adding plane to HEIF image: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}// 获取指向HEIF图像数据的指针int stride;uint8_t* p = heif_image_get_plane(image, heif_channel_interleaved, &stride);// 将 cv::Mat 数据复制到 HEIF 图像中for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {memcpy(p + y * stride, mat.ptr(y), width * 3); // 每行的像素数据都是 width * 3 个字节}//for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {// // 使用 size_t 来安全地计算偏移量 // size_t rowOffset = static_cast<size_t>(y) * stride;// // 将偏移量转换为 char* 类型的指针偏移 // char* rowPtr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(p) + rowOffset;// // 使用 memcpy 复制数据 // memcpy(rowPtr, mat.ptr<uchar>(y), width * 3); // 注意：这里假设 mat.ptr 返回 uchar* // // 注意：如果 mat.ptr 实际上返回的是其他类型的指针（如 RGB 像素的 struct 或类）， // // 你可能需要调整 memcpy 的第三个参数来匹配实际的字节大小。 //}创建并初始化heif_encoding_options结构体//struct heif_encoding_options encoding_options = { 0 };//encoding_options.version = 0;//encoding_options.save_alpha_channel = false;//encoding_options.image_orientation = heif_orientation_normal; // 例如：设置图像方向为正常// 创建HEIF编码器struct heif_encoder* encoder;err = heif_context_get_encoder_for_format(ctx, heif_compression_HEVC, &encoder);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok){std::cerr << "Error getting HEIF encoder: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}heif_encoder_set_lossy_quality(encoder, 80); //0-100 压缩比例heif_encoder_set_lossless(encoder, true); // True / Falseheif_encoder_set_logging_level(encoder, 4); // log信息详细程度0-4err = heif_context_encode_image(ctx, image, encoder, nullptr, nullptr);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error encoding HEIF image: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_encoder_release(encoder);heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}err = heif_context_write_to_file(ctx, filename);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error writing HEIF file: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_encoder_release(encoder);heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}heif_encoder_release(encoder);heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return true;
}bool GRAYMatToHeif(cv::Mat& mat, const char* filename)
{// 确保输入的cv::Mat 是8位深度，单通道的灰度图if (mat.empty() || mat.type() != CV_8UC1) {std::cerr << "Invalid Mat format. Expected 8UC1." << std::endl;return false;}struct heif_image* image;struct heif_context* ctx = heif_context_alloc();struct heif_error err;int width = mat.cols;int height = mat.rows;// 创建HEIF图像err = heif_image_create(width, height, heif_colorspace_monochrome, heif_chroma_monochrome, &image);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error creating HEIF image: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}// 添加一个用于灰度通道的图像平面err = heif_image_add_plane(image, heif_channel_Y, width, height, 8);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error adding plane to HEIF image: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}// 获取指向HEIF图像灰度数据的指针int stride;uint8_t* p = heif_image_get_plane(image, heif_channel_Y, &stride);// 将cv::Mat 的灰度数据复制到HEIF图像中for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {memcpy(p + y * stride, mat.ptr(y), width); // 每行的像素数据是 width 个字节}// 创建HEIF编码器struct heif_encoder* encoder;err = heif_context_get_encoder_for_format(ctx, heif_compression_HEVC, &encoder);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error getting HEIF encoder: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}heif_encoder_set_lossy_quality(encoder, 80); //0-100 压缩比例heif_encoder_set_lossless(encoder, true); // True / Falseheif_encoder_set_logging_level(encoder, 4); // log信息详细程度0-4err = heif_context_encode_image(ctx, image, encoder, nullptr, nullptr);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error encoding HEIF image: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_encoder_release(encoder);heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}err = heif_context_write_to_file(ctx, filename);if (err.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "Error writing HEIF file: " << err.message << std::endl;heif_encoder_release(encoder);heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return false;}heif_encoder_release(encoder);heif_image_release(image);heif_context_free(ctx);return true;}cv::Mat HeifToRGBMat(const char* filename)
{// 创建HEIF上下文heif_context* ctx = heif_context_alloc();heif_error error = heif_context_read_from_file(ctx, filename, nullptr);if (error.code != heif_error_Ok){std::cerr << "读取heif文件失败：" << error.message << std::endl;heif_context_free(ctx);return cv::Mat();}// 获取图像句柄heif_image_handle* handle;error = heif_context_get_primary_image_handle(ctx, &handle);if (error.code != heif_error_Ok){std::cerr << "获取图像句柄失败：" << error.message << std::endl;heif_context_free(ctx);return cv::Mat();}// 解码图像heif_image* image;error = heif_decode_image(handle, &image, heif_colorspace_RGB, heif_chroma_interleaved_RGB, nullptr);if (error.code != heif_error_Ok){std::cerr << "解码图像失败：" << error.message << std::endl;heif_image_handle_release(handle);heif_context_free(ctx);return cv::Mat();}// 获取图像宽度、高度和数据int width = heif_image_get_width(image, heif_channel_interleaved);int height = heif_image_get_height(image, heif_channel_interleaved);int stride;const uint8_t* data = heif_image_get_plane_readonly(image, heif_channel_interleaved, &stride);// 将图像数据复制到cv::Matcv::Mat mat(height, width, CV_8UC3);for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {memcpy(mat.ptr(y), data + y * stride, width * 3);}cv::cvtColor(mat, mat, cv::COLOR_BGR2RGB);//释放资源heif_image_release(image);heif_image_handle_release(handle);heif_context_free(ctx);return mat;
}cv::Mat HeifToGRAYMat(const char* filename)
{// 创建HEIF上下文heif_context* ctx = heif_context_alloc();heif_error error = heif_context_read_from_file(ctx, filename, nullptr);if (error.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "读取HEIF文件失败: " << error.message << std::endl;heif_context_free(ctx);return cv::Mat();}// 获取第一个图像句柄heif_image_handle* handle;error = heif_context_get_primary_image_handle(ctx, &handle);if (error.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "获取图像句柄失败：" << error.message << std::endl;heif_context_free(ctx);return cv::Mat();}// 解码图像heif_image* image;error = heif_decode_image(handle, &image, heif_colorspace_monochrome, heif_chroma_monochrome, nullptr);if (error.code != heif_error_Ok) {std::cerr << "解码图像失败: " << error.message << std::endl;heif_image_handle_release(handle);heif_context_free(ctx);return cv::Mat();}// 获取图像宽度、高度和数据int width = heif_image_get_width(image, heif_channel_Y);int height = heif_image_get_height(image, heif_channel_Y);int stride;const uint8_t* data = heif_image_get_plane_readonly(image, heif_channel_Y, &stride);// 将图像数据复制到 cv::Matcv::Mat mat(height, width, CV_8UC1);for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {memcpy(mat.ptr(y), data + y * stride, width);}cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv_decode.png", mat);// 释放资源heif_image_release(image);heif_image_handle_release(handle);heif_context_free(ctx);return mat;
}int main()
{// RGBcv::Mat matRGB;cv::Mat matBGR = cv::imread("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv.png");const char* rgbFilename = "C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv.heif";const char* dstRgbFilename = "C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv_decode.png";cv::cvtColor(matBGR, matRGB, cv::COLOR_BGR2RGB);bool isRGB = RGBMatToHeif(matRGB, rgbFilename);matBGR = HeifToRGBMat(rgbFilename);cv::imwrite(dstRgbFilename, matBGR);// GRAYcv::Mat matGRAY = cv::imread("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv_gray.png", cv::IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);const char* grayFilename = "C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv_gray.heif";const char* dstGrayFilename = "C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\opencv_gray_decode.png";bool isGRAY = GRAYMatToHeif(matGRAY, grayFilename);cv::Mat dstMatGRAY = HeifToGRAYMat(grayFilename);cv::imwrite(dstGrayFilename, dstMatGRAY);return 0;
}